Environment The quiet environmental disaster in Tunisia. The main conflicts and potentially destructive human behavior has been experienced in the city occurred relatively recently following the country's independence which it why it made into a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1979. [9], Ruins of the Baths of Antoninus in Carthage, The Lady of Carthage mosaic, one of the major surviving pieces of Byzantine art in modern Tunisia, Tunis was originally a Berber settlement. The temperatures are mild along the coast. In autumn, it begins to rain, often with short thunderstorms, which can sometimes cause flash floods or even flood some parts of the city. Tunis was one of the first towns in the region to fall under Carthaginian control, and in the centuries that followed Tunis was mentioned in the military histories associated with Carthage. The city is mentioned in the Tabula Peutingeriana as Thuni. Among the high schools in the capital, the best-known are the Lycée de la Rue du Pacha (founded 1900), Lycée Bab El Khadhra, Lycée de la Rue de Russie, Lycée Bourguiba (formerly Lycée Carnot de Tunis), and the Lycée Alaoui. Founded in 1964, much of the festival is held in an old amphitheater of Carthage (with a capacity of 7,500 seats), and hosts the performances of singers, musicians, actors, dancers and films on display on outdoor screens. It is also home to Tunis Zoo, which houses African fauna, and the Museum of Modern Art. [278] Climate is the statistics of weather, usually over a 30-year interval. Having become an Ottoman province governed by a Pasha who was appointed by the Sultan based in Constantinople, the country attained a degree of autonomy. [63] The Saheb Ettabaâ Mosque, built between 1808 and 1814 was the last mosque built by the Tunis Husseinites before the French occupation. Frosts are rare. The concept of ownership is low however and souks often spill out onto public roads. Some of the fortifications around it have now largely disappeared, and it is flanked by the two suburbs of Bab Souika to the north and Bab El Jazira to the south. Tunisia is situated on the Mediterranean coast of Northwest Africa, midway between the Atlantic Ocean and the Nile Delta. The city spilled outside the area of the earlier town and the banks of the lake, and the new districts were modernised with running water (1860), lighting gas (1872), roads, waste collection (1873), and communication with adjacent suburbs and the city centre. [63] Ksar Mosque, also of the Hanafi rite, is located in front of Dar Hussein (Bab Menara) and was built in the 12th century. Tourism also provides a significant portion of the city's income. ", J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, ‘‘Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices’’, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 2898. There are also Christian churches and temples : Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tunis (Catholic Church), Protestant churches, Evangelical Churches.[62]. During this period, the city prospered as a centre of commerce. [2][3] Some scholars claim that it originated from Tynes, which was mentioned by Diodorus Siculus and Polybius in the course of descriptions of a location resembling present-day Al-Kasbah; Tunis's old Berber village. On 18 March 2015, two gunmen attacked the Bardo National Museum and held hostages. Bab Souika (initially known as Bab El Saqqayin) had a strategic role to keep the roads to Bizerte, Béja and Le Kef. The economic structure of Tunis, as well as that of the country, is overwhelmingly tertiary industry. However, urban growth, which is estimated to be increasing by 500 hectares per year, is gradually changing the landscape with urban sprawl. Tunis has some large parks, many of which were installed at the end of the 19th century by the authorities of the French protectorate. [86] The main roads to other Tunisian cities include: Autoroute A1, Tunis-Sfax; Autoroute A3, Tunis-Oued Zarga; and Autoroute A4, Tunis-Bizerte. [14] In the system of Roman roads for the Roman province of Africa, Tunis had the title of mutatio ("way station, resting place"). The precipitation also greatly varies, as the north receives significantly more rainfall than the south. [73] One should also note the El Teatro and Étoile du Nord theater groups. The area became the capital of a powerful kingdom during the Hafsid era, and was considered a religious and intellectual home and economic center for the Middle East, Africa and Europe. Successive Husainid rulers made great progress in developing the city and its buildings. About 448 mm | 17.6 inch of precipitation falls annually. During each "cultural season" (from October 1 to 30 June) the theater holds over 80 events. After World War II, suburbs began to rapidly spring up on the outskirts of Tunis. Of these Douz, south of Kebili, is the most famous Saharian destination of Tunisia (known as the Sahara Gate). The climate of Tunisia varies with location but the north is mainly temperate and it has mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers. Located in an old beylical palace (the palace of the Bey of Tunis since the end of the 18th century), the Bardo National Museum (Tunis) is the most important archaeological museum in the Maghreb, and has one of the richest Roman mosaic collections in the world. In 1990, Ferid Boughedir shot the notable film Halfaouine Child of the Terraces in Halfaouine district. The Medina, built on a gentle hill slope on the way down to the Lake of Tunis, is the historical heart of the city and home to many monuments, including palaces, such as the Dar Ben Abdallah and Dar Hussein, the mausoleum of Tourbet el Bey or many mosques such as the Al-Zaytuna Mosque. To the west of the park lies the district of El Omrane which holds the main Muslim cemetery in the capital and the warehouses of public transport. Because its culture and records were destroyed by the Romans at the end of the Third Punic War, very few Carthaginian primary historical sources survive. In addition to some 200 bus routes, the first light rail line opened in 1985. He felt very lonely and could not hold back the tears coming from his eyes. سيدي بوسعيد, © Climate-Data.org / AM OP / OpenStreetMap contributors, Tunis Weather by month // weather averages. The main cemetery in Tunis, the Djellaz Cemetery, dominates this part of town, perched on the slopes of a rocky outcrop. The average annual temperature is 18.1 °C | 64.6 °F in Tunis. After independence, the Tunisian government implemented a plan to cope with population growth of the city and country, a system of family planning, to attempt to lower the rate of population growth. Tunisia is in the northern part of Africa. [25] During the later 19th century, Tunis became increasingly populated by Europeans, particularly the French, and immigration dramatically increased the size of the city. The Ottoman Uluç Ali Reis, at the head of an army of janissaries and Kabyles, retook Tunis in 1569. [89] Averages are for Tunis-Carthage, which is 4 miles from Tunis. Sousse, Tunisia - Current weather, an hourly forecast for today, tomorrow, detailed 10-day weather forecast and long range monthly outlook. East of the medina through the Sea Gate (also known as the Bab el Bhar and the Porte de France) begins the modern city, or Ville Nouvelle, traversed by the grand Avenue Habib Bourguiba (often referred to by media and travel guides as "the Tunisian Champs-Élysées"), where the colonial-era buildings provide a clear contrast to smaller, older structures. [61] Six new gates were built including Bab El Khadra, Bab Saadoun, Bab El Allouj (initially called Bab Er-Rehiba), Khalid or Bab Bab Sidi Abdallah Cherif, Bab El Fellah and Bab Alioua. Abu Yahya arrived on horseback, where all of his relatives joined him. With the development of the capital under the reign of the Hafsids, two emerging suburbs grew outside the walls; Bab El Jazira in the south and Bab Souika to the north. Primary industry such as agriculture, however, is active in specialized agricultural areas on the suburbs, particularly in the wine and olive oil industries. Tunis is the starting point from which the main roads and all highways that serve different parts of the country of Tunis originate. [51] As in the rest of Tunisia, literacy in the region of Tunis evolved rapidly during the second half of the 20th century and has reached a level slightly higher than the national average. [76]. Bab Cartagena gave access to Carthage, important for bringing in construction materials needed for the city. Climate information with charts. The important transport authorities are the Société des Transports de Tunis (STT)[80] and the Ministry of Transport (Airports) Football made its appearance in the capital on 15 September 1904, followed by the formal creation of the country's first league, the Racing Club Tunis, on 11 May 1905. They support a range of residential and commercial buildings. In 1993, it also took possession of the former movie theater Le Paris, with a 350-person seating capacity. The Arab League was headquartered in Tunis from 1979 to 1990. An abrupt southward turn of the Mediterranean coast in northern Tunisia gives the country two distinctive Mediterranean coasts, west–east in the north, and north–south in the east. The Olympic stadium and village area was built to accommodate the Mediterranean Games in 1967. Among the priority lines were: Tunis-Borj Cédria (23 km) where modernization and electrification are already planned; Tunis-Mohamedia-Fouchana (19.4 km); Tunis-Manouba-Mnihla (19.2 km); Tunis-Ezzouhour-Sidi Hassine Séjoumi (13.9 km). The summer is hot and dry in the north, and the winter is mild and consists of frequent rains. After independence, in the 1960s, the National Board of Seaports, which supports all ports in the country, modernized the infrastructure of the port of Tunis. The gaps created by their departure were filled by Tunisians who emigrated to Tunis from other parts of the country. Between 1928 and 1955 the city hosted nine rounds of the Grand Prix of Tunis, where notable drivers such as Marcel Lehoux, Achille Varzi, Tazio Nuvolari and Rudolf Caracciola took part. Tunis is the heartland of the Tunisian economy and is the industrial and economic hub of the country, home to one third of Tunisian companies—including almost all the head offices of companies with more than fifty employees, with the exception of the Compagnie des Phosphates de Gafsa, headquartered in Gafsa—and produces a third of the national gross domestic product. Old buildings have gradually been renovated and upgraded and new buildings have come to influence the urban landscape. Tunis is served by the Tunis-Carthage International Airport. [13] Situated on a hill, Tunis served as an excellent point from which the comings and goings of naval and caravan traffic to and from Carthage could be observed. Carthage In its exposition halls it holds numerous traditional items, witnesses of the everyday lives of families of the Medina quarter. [15][18] With the rise of the Zirid dynasty Tunis gained importance, but the Sunni population tolerated Shi'ite rule less and less, and carried out massacres against the Shi'ite community. Also, as part of the major infrastructure project, the city's traffic lights were increased from 5,000 to 7,500. [18] In 1048 the Zirid ruler Al-Muizz ibn Badis rejected his city's obedience to the Fatimids and re-established Sunni rites throughout all of Ifriqiya. [63] This includes a network of Catholic buildings, including the Church of St. Joan of Arc, but also with the Protestant Reformed Church and the Anglican church Saint-Georges. The creation of the French protectorate in 1881 was a turning point in Tunis's history, leading to rapid redevelopment of the city in the span of two to three decades. [81] From this souk, there is a street leading to the Souk Ech-Chaouachine (chachia). – Online Research Library: Questia", "Gunmen storm Tunisian museum, kill 17 foreign tourists", "The Latest: French President Mourns Tunisia Victims", "19 killed in Tunisia attack; hostage drama ends with deaths of gunmen", "Gunmen 'take hostages' in attack on Tunisia parliament", http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pics/kottek_et_al_2006.gif. Exposed to violence from the hostile tribes that settled around the city, the population of Tunis repudiated the authority of the Zirids and swore allegiance to the Hammadid prince El Nacer ibn Alennas, who was based in Béjaïa, in 1059. Mongi Gharbi, « Trombes d'eau sur Tunis et certains gouvernorats du pays », "Les normales climatiques en Tunisie entre 1981 2010", "Réseau des stations météorologiques synoptiques de la Tunisie", "Tunis-Carthage Climate Normals 1961–1990", Constitution de la République tunisienne (Jurisite Tunisie), http://www.legislation.tn/sites/default/files/news/constitution-b-a-t.pdf, Budget de la municipalité de Tunis pour l'année 2008 (Municipalité de Tunis), Arrondissements municipaux (Municipalité de Tunis), Population, répartition proportionnelle et taux d'accroissement par gouvernorat (Institut national de la statistique), Stratégie de développement de la ville de Tunis (Municipalité de Tunis), Fiche de présentation de la médina (Association de sauvegarde de la médina de Tunis), Entretien avec Jamila Binous sur la médina de Tunis (TV5), Promenade de Marie-Ange Nardi et Lotfi Bahri dans les souks de Tunis (TV5), "Contextuality, Contextualization, and the New Christians of Tunis", "Saudi Aramco World : The Musical Pulse of Tunisia", Musique et conservatoires (Municipalité de Tunis), "The Cultural Importance Of The Tunisian Carthage Film Festival", "The Carthage Film Festival celebrates its 50th birthday", Statistiques officielles (Ministère de l'éducation nationale), Chokri Ben Nessir, « Une véritable requalification routière ». 1600s - Tunisia becomes part of the Turkish Ottoman empire, but has a high degree of autonomy. In addition, groundwater is easily accessible through the drilling of deep wells, providing water for the different agriculture crops. Cette dernière est construite sur ordre du souverain Romdhane Bey en 1696 pour y inhumer la dépouille de sa mère d'origine italienne et de culte protestant. Tunisia is situated in the warm temperate zone between latitudes 37° and 30° N. In the north the climate is Mediterranean, characterized by mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers with no marked intervening seasons. [6] The term Tunis can possibly mean "camp at night", "camp", or "stop", or may have referred to as "the last stop before Carthage" by people who were journeying to Carthage by land. This went on for a while until one of the pilgrims realized he was upset, he went up and greeted and talked to Ibn until he entered the city. If we add the mosques and oratories (about 200), the madrasahs (El Bachia, Slimania, El Achouria, Bir El Ahjar, Ennakhla, etc..), The zaouias (Mahrez Sidi Sidi Ali Azouz, Sidi Abdel Kader, etc.)

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